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Dark Matter: The Hidden Skeleton of the Cosmos

What holds galaxies together, controls their spin, and outweighs all the visible stars? Welcome to the mysterious realm of dark matter — the invisible glue of the universe. If you’re joining us now, catch up with previous posts: Spiral vs Elliptical Galaxies | Galaxies | What is the Universe? 🔍 What is Dark Matter? Dark matter does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it completely invisible. Yet, scientists know it exists because of its gravitational effects on visible matter. 🧠 Scientific Estimate: About 27% of the universe is dark matter. Only 5% is normal matter. 📈 Evidence for Dark Matter Galaxy Rotation Curves: Stars in galaxies orbit faster than visible mass allows. Gravitational Lensing: Light bends around unseen mass, revealing dark matter’s presence. Cosmic Microwave Background: Tiny fluctuations suggest invisible matter affects early universe structure. ...
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Dark Energy: The Universe’s Mysterious Accelerant

Dark Energy: The Universe’s Mysterious Accelerant If dark matter pulls things together, dark energy tears them apart. It’s the unseen force responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe — a phenomenon so bizarre, it shocked cosmologists in the late 20th century. Missed our earlier posts? Catch up here: Dark Matter | Spiral vs Elliptical Galaxies 🌌 Discovery of Dark Energy In 1998, two independent teams observed distant supernovae and found that the universe’s expansion is speeding up, not slowing down. Something was pushing galaxies apart — a mysterious form of energy that came to be known as dark energy . 📊 Einstein’s Equation Revisited Einstein’s general relativity field equation includes a term known as the cosmological constant (\(\Lambda\)): $$R_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2}R\,g_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = \frac{8\pi G}{c^4}T_{\mu\nu}$$ Originally ad...
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The Nobel Prize-Winning Journey of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Pioneering the Study of Ribosomes and Unraveling the Secrets of Life

  In the ever-expanding field of scientific discovery, there are few individuals who leave a lasting imprint. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan is undeniably one such luminary. Renowned for his groundbreaking work on ribosomes, Ramakrishnan has not only pushed the boundaries of our understanding of biology but has also been recognized with the highest honor in his field – the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. With an insatiable curiosity and an unwavering commitment to unraveling the secrets of life, Ramakrishnan embarked on a remarkable journey that would forever change our understanding of the inner workings of cells. Through his pioneering research, he shed light on how ribosomes, the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis, function at a molecular level. From his early beginnings in Chennai, India to his current position as the President of the Royal Society, Ramakrishnan's journey has been an indomitable one. Honing his skills in both physics and biology, he seamlessly merged disc...
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